Make Magic: Compost

Category

Waste & Recycling

Impact

Cost

Free

Composting is easy magic! 

It turns food waste — which might now go into the trash or down the kitchen sink drain via the “garbage disposal” — into a rich, sweet-smelling soil amendment. Applied to garden beds, it enriches the soil environment for plants and for the millions of tiny decomposer organisms that live under our feet. Bonus: it reduces household trash volume significantly! 

 

Why compost?

  1. It’s magic. It transforms a waste into a productive humus!
  2. It reduces household waste by up to 50% (and makes the trash bin smell way better).
  3. It reduces Greenhouse (GHG) emissions. Right now, more than half of the trash that ends up in landfills is compostable organic matter that will eventually generate methane. (Boo; unburned methane is a greenhouse gas on steroids.)
  4. It means fewer plastic bags.  Not only will you use fewer bags,  but without organic waste in the trash, paper bags work very well to line the bin. This keeps many plastic bags out of landfills and incinerators.               

 

Can I compost at home? 

Absolutely! Composting can happen at home — in a back yard, or on a deck or porch (or even via vermiculture, indoor composting with worms). You can make your own bin (simple to do, and it makes a fun science project for kids), get bins at local retailers, or purchase outdoor compost bins, indoor kitchen scrap bins, and compostable bags by from the Acton Department of Public Works website’s  At-Home Compost Bin Program page . You can learn composting basics from the Town’s well organized  How to Compost guide or from the folks at the Rodale Institute

 

Are there other composting options? 

You bet! The Acton Transfer Station offers year-round, on-site bins for the collection of food waste; see more here. One advantage of the Transfer Station compositing program is that it also accepts many more kinds of waste than what you would want to compost at home (i.e., things that attract animals or won’t easily break down, such as raw and cooked meat and cooking oils). See the Transfer Stations’s  list of acceptable and unacceptable items.   Another option is weekly curbside pick-up of food scraps/organic matter through Black Earth Compost, which is active in many Acton neighborhoods. Both programs offer participants the opportunity for some of the end product — that sweet black gold!



Steps to Take

Getting Started

Compost stores carbon and improves soil health! Composting can happen nearly anywhere (see the Introduction tab). Once you get started, composting food scraps becomes an easy, everyday activity.

 

Composting at Home

Check out these tips to start composting:

  • Read Up. Understand the basics of decomposition by spending a little time with one of the resources below.
  • Keep it simple. For outdoor compositing, all you need are four posts and some chicken wire for a start. It is best to have at least two side-by-side “bins”: one where the compost will mature, and one to hold grass clippings and leaves, which are important to layer with food scraps for faster and more complete decomposition. The leaves and grass clippings also discourage animals from searching out food scraps.  Remember that your compost piles will need a simple door to access the mature compost. Here are two compost bin design websites–one from Vermont and one blogger. Or purchase a compost bin from a local retailer!
  • What can and can’t be composted. The Town of Acton Transfer Station offers its  How to Compost guide — a great primer on getting started.

 

Composting in Town                                                                                                                                                         

Is composting not a good fit for your schedule? Let someone else do it for you!
  • Utilize the Acton Transfer Station’s Food Waste Collection. See more info HERE.
  • Too much yard waste to compost at home? The Transfer Station also accepts yard waste materials, such as grass, leaves, flowers, brush, twigs, logs (under 18” diameter), wood chips, and Christmas trees. Finished mulch is available to residents with any Transfer Station sticker.  
  • Want curbside pickup? Some individuals and neighborhoods contract with companies that collect their organic food waste and compost it off site. Black Earth Compost provides this service in Acton, and is the vendor that collects the food waste from the Transfer Station collection bins.

For a wonderful video about two Acton students who organized neighborhood composting, click  here.

 

RESOURCES

Websites

Composting at Home, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Home Composting, CalRecycle

Home Composting, Institute for Local Self-Reliance

Composting at Home – The Green and Brown Alternative, Cornell Waste Management Institute

How to Make a DIY Compost Bin: 15 Easy Designs, from The Spruce website

 

Books:

Let It Rot! The Gardener’s Guide to Composting, by Stu Campbell (an adult resource)

Compost: A Family Guide to Making Soil from Scraps, by Ben Raskin (a kid-friendly book on composting)

Compost Stew: An A to Z Recipe for the Earth, by Mary McKenna and Ashley Wolff (a fun rhyming book for younger kids)

 

Articles & Documentaries (courtesy of Black Earth Compost):

19-Year Study Shows We’ve Been Undervaluing How Much Compost Can Boost Carbon Capture, Science Alert

Can Dirt Save the Earth, The New York Times Magazine (on storing carbon in the soil)

Wasted! The Story of Food Waste, documentary available on YouTube

Kiss The Ground, documentary available on Netflix and Prime Video

Only 60 Years of Farming Left If Soil Degradation Continues, Scientific American

Compost Transport: City To Farm (a statewide compost allocation network shows promise), BioCycle

Compost and Mulch Utilization on California Almond Farm (farm saved money, increased yield, improved soil health, reduced water and pesticide use), BioCycle



Deep Dive

Food Waste

Food waste has many negative impacts on the environment and is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as the facts below point out. Composting can help reduce methane emissions from food waste by diverting that food from landfills. But reducing waste altogether also helps! The award-winning book, Perfectly Good Food: A Totally Achievable Zero Waste Approach to Home Cooking, is jam-packed with great ideas. Also, a group here in Acton tries to address food waste at the farm stage. The  Boston Area Gleaners  is a regional food systems organization working at the intersection of farming, food waste, and food security that addresses waste on that level and scale. They try to address the “After Harvest” stage of production, as seen in the graph below from Earth.org.

But what about all the food that is not diverted and is destined to become real waste? 

That’s where you and compositing can make a difference!   Keep food waste out of the landfill.

 

Facts about Food Waste.

  • Food waste is estimated to be 30–40% of the food supply. (U.S. Food and Drug Administration)
  • According to the World Wildlife Federation, the production of wasted food is equivalent to the greenhouse emissions of 37 million cars. (RTS)
  • Food “waste” is the single largest category of material municipal landfills, where it emits methane, a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG). Such solid-waste landfills are the third-largest source of human-related methane emissions in the U.S., accounting for approximately 14.4% of these emissions in 2022. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
  • Food waste is a huge climate issue in the U.S. because, when it is placed in landfills, the anaerobic conditions cause its decomposition to generate methane, a potent GHG. See “The U.S. produces a lot of food waste. This place wants to address it.” from NPR, Nov. 26, 2025.
  • By composting, we return this organic matter to the natural carbon cycle.

 

Benefits of Composting

  • Although home composting does not solve our national food-waste dilemma, it is an important step down a better path. Community-wide composting can make an even greater impact. Nature’s capacity for carbon drawdown is extraordinary, and returning food waste to the soil is a significant part of the equation. This is an action that most of us can take together, each in our own household, to increase the health of the soil and of the climate!
  • Healthy soil provides additional benefits, as the illustration below demonstrates. (Thanks to the Mothers Out Front Massachusetts Healthy Soils group for the graphic.)

 

  • It is estimated that for each ton of compost produced and used, one-half ton of CO2 can be sequestered in healthy soil. (BioCycle)
  • Every 1% increase in soil organic matter — thus, soil carbon content — adds 1.4 acre-inches (approximately 38,000 gallons) of water-holding capacity.”  (Healthy Soils and The Climate Connection)

So do your part and encourage others to do theirs!

Testimonials

We have a home composter and also take some compost to the Acton Transfer Station. We've been composting at home for years: stainless container next…
Easy Breezy to Compost
Submitted by: Carolyn Platt
Here's a link to the blog post about my experience https://iowasweetspot.blogspot.com/2021/02/to-compost-or-not-to-compost.html
Starting composting using Black Earth Compost
Submitted by: Gauri Tandon

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